Czasownik

I. Bezokolicznik

1. W języku angielskim bezokolicznik czasownika wyrażany jest przy pomocy słówka to:
   
   to come
   przyjść
   
   to be
   być
   
   to run
   biec
   
   
2. Istnieje grupa czasowników, tzw. czasowniki modalne, których forma bezokolicznikowa nie jest poprzedzana przez słówko to:
   
   can
   móc
   
   must
   musieć
   

II. Formy czasownika - podstawowe wiadomości

1. Każdy czasownik w języku angielskim - poza czasownikami modalnymi - posiada trzy podstawowe formy.
   
   
   

   Infinitive	Past	Past Participle
   play	played	played
   do	did	done





2. Czasowniki w języku angielskim dzielimy na regularne i nieregularne. Regularne tworzą formę Past i Past Participle poprzez dodanie do bezokolicznika końcówki -(e)d.
   
   
   

   Infinitive	Past	Past Participle
   walk	walked	walked
   smile	smiled	smiled
   cry	cried	cried





3. Czasowniki nieregularne posiadają własne formy Past i Past Participle.
   
   
   

   Infinitive	Past	Past Participle
   go	went	gone
   bring	brought	brought
   cut	cut	cut





4. W języku angielskim, szczególnie w mowie, funkcjonują skróty niektórych form czasowników posiłkowych i ułomnych.
   
   

   I am - I'm
   he is - he's
   she is - she's
   it is - it's
   we are - we're
   you are - you're
   I am not - I'm not
   is not - isn't
   are not - aren't
   was not - wasn't
   were not - weren't
   do not - don't
   does not - doesn't
   did not - didn't
   I will - I'll
   will not - won't
   I have - I've
   you have - you've
   he has - he's
   we have - we've
   they have - they've
   have not - haven't
   has not - hasn't
   cannot - can't

III. Czasowniki to be, to have, must, can

• Odmiana czasownika to be - być
  
  
  1. Czas Simple Present

     Zdania twierdzące	Przeczące	Pytania
     I am (Jestem)	I am not	Am I?
     you are	you are not	Are you?
     he is	he is not	Is he?
     she is	she is not	Is she?
     it is	it is not	Is it?
     we are	we are not	Are we?
     you are	you are not	Are you?
     they are	they are not	Are they?

  
  
  
  2. Czas Past Simple

     Zdania twierdzące	Przeczące	Pytania
     I was (Byłem)	I was not	Was I?
     you were	you were not (weren't)	Were you?
     he was	he was not (wasn't)	Was he?
     she was	she was not (wasn't)	Was she?
     it was	it was not (wasn't)	Was it?
     we were	we were not (weren't)	Were we?
     you were	you were not (weren't)	Were you?
     they were	they were not (weren't)	Were they?

  
  
  
  3. Czas Future Simple

     Zdania twierdzące	Przeczące	Pytania
     I will be (Będę)	I will not (won't)	Will I?
     you will	you will not (won't)	Wille you?
     he will	he will not (won't)	Will he?
     she will	she will not (won't)	Will she?
     it will	it will not (won't)	Will it?
     we will	we will not (won't)	Will we?
     you will	you will not (won't)	Will you?
     they will	they will not (won't)	Will they?





• Odmiana czasownika to have - mieć.
  
  
  1. Czas Simple Present

     Zdania twierdzące	Przeczące	Pytania
     I have (Mam)	I have not (haven't)	Have I?
     you have	you have not (haven't)	Have you?
     he has	he has not (hasn't)	Has he?
     she has	she has not (hasn't)	Has she?
     it has	it has not (hasn't)	Has it?
     we have	we have not (haven't)	Have we?
     you have	you have not (haven't)	Have you?
     they have	they have not (haven't)	Have they?

  
  
  
  
• Odmiana czasowników can - móc i must - musieć w czasie Simple Present
  
  
  1. Zdania twierdzące

     I can (Mogę)	I must (Muszę)
     you can	you must
     he can	he must
     she can	she must
     it can	it must
     we can	we must
     you can	you must
     they can	they must

     
     
     Uwagi:
     
     
     • Należy pamiętać, że po czasownikach can i must piszemy czasowniki w formie bezokolicznikowej z pominięciem słówka to:
       
       I must go.
       Muszę iść.
       
       She can run fast.
       Ona potrafi szybko biegać.
       
  
  
  
  2. Przeczenia

     I cannot (can't) (Nie mogę)	I need not (needn't) (Nie muszę)
     you cannot (can't)	you need not (needn't)
     he cannot (can't)	he need not (needn't)
     she cannot (can't)	she need not (needn't)
     it cannot (can't)	it need not (needn't)
     we cannot (can't)	we need not (needn't)
     you cannot (can't)	you need not (needn't)
     they cannot (can't)	they need not (needn't)

     
     
     Uwagi:
     
     
     • Przeczenia od can i must tworzymy przez dodanie do nich wyrazu przeczącego not.
     • Forma przecząca czasownika must oznacza zakaz.
     • Żeby wyrazić, że czegoś nie musimy robić, używamy formy przeczącej czasownika need.
       
       I must do it.
       Muszę to zrobić.
       
       She mustn't go there.
       Nie wolno jej tam iść.
       
       We needn't come to school tomorrow.
       Nie musimy przychodzić jutro do szkoły.
       
       
  
  
  
  3. Pytania

     Can I? (Czy mogę?)	Must I? (Czy muszę?)
     Can you?	Must you?
     Can he?	Must he?
     Can she?	Must she?
     Can it?	Must it?
     Can we?	Must we?
     Can you?	Must you?
     Can they?	Must they?

     
     
     Uwagi:
     
     
     • Pytania od must i can tworzymy przy pomocy inwersji - przestawienia podmiotu i orzeczenia.
       
       Can I come at 5?
       Czy mogę przyjść o 5?
       
       Must we do it?
       Czy musimy to robić?
       
       

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